Role Of Government In Mixed Economies Such As Australia...

Role of Government in Mixed Economies Such As Australia What role do governments have in modern mixed economies such as Australia? Using appropriate indicators (macro economic aggregates) outline the present state of the economy. In what ways is the Commonwealth government using fiscal and monetary policies to influence the Australian economy? What are the main features of the governments micro economic policy? Why is the government concerned about microeconomic reform? Synopsis: The role of government in Australia today has less influence on the market than they did a decade ago. It function now is to provide a stable internal and external balance under which the market can function. This is achieved through the use of fiscal,†¦show more content†¦Current fiscal policies are aimed at the medium and long-term goals of resource allocation, income distribution and external balance. This is because fiscal policy is relatively inflexible and is adjusted on an annual basis. One of the governments objectives in using fiscal policy is to reduce the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement (PSBR). To do this the government has had a $3.9bn cut in discretionary spending during the 96/97 budget. This cut may be the first of several in a bid to achieve a budget surplus. One reason behind this goal is to maintain external stability. For the past decade (except for the late 80s boom) the public debt has been on a continual rise. This was largely due to a succession of budget deficits. The result of this was a large increase in net income as a component of the current account, which in turn became a burden on the next budget. A surplus budget can be used to pay of the public debt thereby easing interest obligations. At the same time a reduction in the deficit will increase national savings. By reducing the deficit, the government does not need as much national savings in order to finance the budget. This will leave a larger pool of savings to fund investment. Although a contractionary fiscal stance will increase public saving, they may decrease private savings. Cuts in government spending to programs aimed at increasing private savings (such as Austudy) haveShow MoreRelatedRole of Government in Mixed Economies Such as Australia1768 Words   |  8 PagesRole of Government in Mixed Economies Such As Australia What role do governments have in modern mixed economies such as Australia? Using appropriate indicators (macro economic aggregates) outline the present state of the economy. In what ways is the Commonwealth government using fiscal and monetary policies to influence the Australian economy? What are the main features of the governments micro economic policy? Why is the government concerned about microeconomic reform? Synopsis: The role ofRead MoreAustralia Is A Small Open Economy1428 Words   |  6 PagesAustralia is a small open economy situated in the South Pacific with a population of 24,012,901 (ABS 2016). Australia is classified as a mixed market economy because although the private market makes most economic decisions, government intervention modifies this behaviour through its legislative powers as this gives confindence to government powers to change economic decisions and make it a rule to the people of that country. The People’s Republic of China, with a population of 1.295 billion peopleRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between China And Australia1236 Words   |  5 PagesSimilarities and Differences between China and Australia’s Economies Introduction The Chinese and Australia economies have many similarities and differences, including the size of the economies, growth rates, unemployment, inequality, standard of living, environmental issues and the roles the different governments have in influencing and modifying these factors of the economy. Size of Economy The GDP is the total market value of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. China’s GDP is significantlyRead MoreComparing The Australian Economy And The Chinese Economy1066 Words   |  5 Pagesstate, and local governments that improve our standard of living through the creation of jobs, new technologies, economic health, and the creation of an overall better quality of life. The comparison between the Australian economy and the Chinese economy provide a detailed and comprehensive view of both nations. China is of political, cultural and economic strategic importance to Australia. Economic growth, employment/unemployment, environmental sustainability, the role of government (in health careRead MoreAustralia s Interconnection With England1285 Words   |  6 PagesAustralia s interconnection with England By Clement Wong School Report - 9 March, 2015 Introduction Australian – British relations are one of the closest international relationships in existence, marked by culture, institutions and language, Australia have a few interconnection with England by military, tourism, migration, economic, sports, culture, science and engineer. Firstly, Globalisation is acting an important role between Australia and England, however what is globalisation? GlobalizationRead MoreEconomic Analysis of China and Australia1735 Words   |  7 PagesThis is an economy with much catching up to do. Continued rapid growth will be essential if poverty rates in China are to be reduced further. The challenge for the Chinese authorities is to ensure that growth rates are sustainable over a long period of time if they wish to continue reducing poverty rates in the country. But China is undergoing some major and sometimes painful restructuring, due to: - Larger gap between rich and poor - Large debts to pay off to several countries Australia. AustraliaRead MoreAustralia: 1700 to Present1557 Words   |  7 PagesAustralia: 1700 to Present Analyze the political, social, and economic continuities and changes in Australia from 1700 AD to the present. While Australia has politically gained independence since the 1700’s, their ethnicities have shifted to create a socially diverse country as they remain closely tied with the rest of the world in regards to global trade. Since Britain used to rule Australia in the 1700’s, Australia since has had revolutions that granted them political independence from a largerRead MoreThe New Zealand s Economy1577 Words   |  7 PagesTawney Elayda Professor Jason Gurtovoy Economics 335 6 August 2015 New Zealand’s Economy The country of New Zealand is an island located off the coast of Australia. It is under the British Commonwealth, however, the monarchy does not play a role in its government (Whitmore). New Zealand’s mixed economy operations are based on free market principles (The Treasury). Over a span of twenty-five years, the country has become one of the least regulated members of the Organization of Economic CooperationRead MoreThe Classical Model Of Economics1431 Words   |  6 Pagessociety. It was also on the basis that the economy would go through recessions and expansions but fix itself. Recessions are periods in the economy in which unemployment goes up, while profits and spending goes down; a slowdown of the economy. An expansion is essentially the exact opposite. The classical model of economics states that the economy will continue to go through these fluctuations over time and will fix itself with no help, thus not needing a government to give influence. Eventually, howeverRead MoreRegulating The Digital Communication Nationally1218 Words   |  5 Pagesof a connected world. The mistake to label the government as the state has incurred spill-over effects onto administrative law. Such as in the EU, in form of pressure on legitimacy to expand procedures. Unlike most administrative law doctrines, doctrines require a unified legal entity of the state if it is to be effective (Rooke, 2009). Pressure on doctrine come from the importance of human rights laws and the increase of regulation by the government. Cases that cause public consultation to shift

Hegemony Promotes Cooperation International Trade And...

Hegemony Promotes Cooperation Over the past century, international trade and cooperation have risen exponentially. As states enter cooperative agreements and trade barriers crumble, the international system experiences stability and growth. Despite the benefits, many states choose to opt out of cooperation and trade because entering the international market can be expensive and partnerships can be exploitative (Baccini, Poast Urpelainen 1). Leonardo Baccini, Paul Poast, and Johannes Urpelainen—assistant professors at the University of London, Rutger University, and Columbia University respectively—believe that states can safely obtain cooperation with the assistance of hegemons. The assistant professors collaborate in their article, â€Å"The Return of Hegemonic Theory: Dominant States and the Origins of International Cooperation,† to answer the question, â€Å"Does hegemonic power facilitate international cooperation?† (Baccini, Poast Urpelainen 1). Acc ording to the assistant professors, the problem with cooperation rests in the cost and manipulative nature of asymmetrical partnerships. Entering economic trade agreements require a state to restructure its internal systems in order to maximize its gains (Baccini, Poast Urpelainen 5). Weaker states that undergo costly restructuring are at risk of being exploited by the more powerful partners (Baccini, Poast Urpelainen 2). A weaker state will also find it substantially more difficult to withdraw from a partnership the more itShow MoreRelatedThe Return Of Hegemonic Theory : Dominant States And The Origins Of International Cooperation1508 Words   |  7 PagesOver the past century, international trade and cooperation have risen exponentially. As states enter cooperative agreements and trade barriers crumble, the international system experiences stability and growth. Despite the benefits, many states choose to opt out of cooperation and trade because entering the international market can be expensive and partnerships can be exploitative (Baccini, Poast Urpelainen 1). Leonardo Baccini, Paul Poast, and Johannes Urpelainen—assistant professors at the UniversityRead MoreA Critique Of Capitalism And The Power Of The Bourgeoisie Class1744 Words   |  7 Pagestechnological progress has no effect on the autonomy of states. This is supported by liberalist thinking in the development of international institutions, the process of globalisation has dramatically changed the way states behave, something that realists choose to ignore. They believe that this is due to struggles throughout history, which supports the idea of hegemony in that states that have been successful in both economic terms as well as within warfare are more able to shape social change andRead MoreIs Democracy Promotion A Mask For Hegemonic Power?1546 Words   |  7 Pagesupon less democratic states? Hegemony is the concept meaning primacy of the leading state over the subordinate states witho ut the use of any direct forms of violence (invasion, occupation or annexation). Many scholars in international relations have tried to find an answer to these questions, but they are still open to a much debate and discussion. Liberals believe that democracy promotion is an essential action from more prosperous states in order to achieve international peace and protect human rightsRead MoreThe Causes Of World War I1171 Words   |  5 Pagesaggression and hegemony throughout Europe in the 1890s and into the early part of the 20th century. More so, the German conflict with Russia set the foundation for greater militancy against the existential threat of Pan-Slavism that was expanding into the eastern portions of Europe. This perceived Russian threat was a major motivation for the German nationalists to validate and rationalize a war of regional magnitudes during this historical period: â€Å"Pan-Slavism was intended to promote the politicalRead More Sarkozy a Neoliberal860 Words   |  4 PagesNeoliberal In his efforts to promote human rights in Africa, Sarkozy demonstrates neoliberal ideologies. African nations exceedingly exhibit human rights violations due to corrupt authoritarian regimes. Sarkozy argues for European involvement to reach out to all those in the world ... who are persecuted by tyrants and dictators† (Sarkozy 196). With an optimistic outlook on global prospects, Sarkozy optimistically believes they could positively contribute to world trade. Liberty/morality He alsoRead MoreThe Major Cornerstone For The U.s.s Economic Prosperity And International Hegemony1217 Words   |  5 PagesAs the major cornerstone for the U.S.’S economic prosperity and international hegemony, following the change of the Bretton Woods System to the Petrodollar system in 1971; I ve found the largest independent factor to influence American international interests has been the implementation and preserva The Petrodollar System From the Gold Standard To Black Gold By: Gibson J.T. Intro Behind the global power of the U.S. dollar, hides the most significant form of currency you ve probablyRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy1633 Words   |  7 Pagesto create global institutions to lessen the burden that Washington had to bear changed significantly. It evolved into the United States leading in most global affairs, creating a new form of liberal world order in which a leading state creates international rules and institutions with the purpose of providing public services while at the same time adhering to said rules and institutions. G. John Ikenberry referred to it as a liberal-constitutional order. While similarities exist between this orderRead MoreThe Effects Of Nuclear Weapon Development On Iran1290 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Many international relations theorists have speculated about the effects of nuclear weapon development; while some argue that weapons of mass destruction promote peace, others believe that humanity should not have the capability to cause so much destruction. This debate has been renewed by the Iran Nuclear Deal, which involves western states placing sanctions on Iran to diminish Iran’s nuclear program. I argue that, while constructivist and liberal paradigms may hold some validity,Read MoreThe Dispute Over The South China Sea Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pageswhile China rising as a hegemony in East Asia. China craves for more resources and power and decides to effectuate that by controlling more maritime territory. This act impelled the United State to align with the Philippines to balance with China. In a realism world, U.S. has adequate reason to intervene for fear for China becoming too strong a power. Realism assumes that under a balance of power, the overriding aim of all states is to maximize power and become the only hegemony in the system. StatesRead MoreU.s. National Security Strategy1472 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Strong and sustained American leadership is essential to a rules-based international order that promotes global security and prosperity as well as the dignity and human rights of all peoples.† This statement from the most recent U.S. National Security Strategy indicates that the White House administration acknowledges the current international order is shaped constitutionally, or is â€Å"rule-based.† Globalization has made states and individuals increasingly interdependent and interconnected. Globalization

The Types of Flood Events and Their Causes

Essay The Significant Role of Money in Everyday Life

Money is a major driving force in our lives, and people will often act in immoral and exploitative ways to acquire it. This money-immorality association is well established in psychological research, with results consistently showing that subjects who are primed to think about money are later more likely to lie, cheat and steal than the subjects who were thinking about other factors. However, the study performed by Francesca Gino and Cassie Mogilner suggests that it is not necessarily money – or the love of it – that is the root of unethical behaviour; but instead it is the way the thought of money suppresses reflection. The researchers suggested that the tendency to cheat could be reversed by prompting people toward self-reflection.†¦show more content†¦Consequently, these studies together show that implicitly activating the concept of time may reduce cheating behaviour by encouraging people to engage in self-reflection and â€Å"reduces their ability to enga ge in this creative explanation for why what they are doing is okay†. The extent to which people behave in ways consistent with their moral convictions impacts their moral self-image. People are generally motivated to maintain a positive moral self-image (Monin Jordan, 2009) and while this motivation can lead people to rationalise and justify their immoral acts, it also leads people to behave in value consistent ways (Aquino Reed, 2002; Blasi, 1983; Damon Hart, 1992; Monin, Pizarro, Beer, 2007). Individuals build and maintain a positive moral self-image through behaviour they view as ethical, upholding this self-image by avoiding immoral acts. The desire to maintain a positive moral identity may motivate individuals to avoid contact with objects possessing negative moral associations for fear of moral contagion (Nemeroff Rozin, 1994). Contamination is associated with a strong emotional response and the motivation to distance oneself from tainted objects or people (Haidt, Rozin, McCauley, Imada, 1997; Rozin Fallon, 1987). Thus, it appears that m oral contamination can affect perceptions of desirability and value,and alter perceptions of something highly desirable, such as money. Therefore the need to maintain a positive moral self-image reducesShow MoreRelatedFactors That Influence The Model Of Reception That Shapes The Meaning Of Cultural Objects Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagespositions not only influence cultural participation but also affect interpretations of texts themselves† (Childress and Friedkin 2012: 48). What this means is that people are biased because their positions in societies and their backgrounds plays a role in how they interpret and view things. These include their gender, race, economic class, etc. In the article, they talk about a study that was conducted using members of book clubs. These participants meet on a regular basis to discuss works of fictionRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1005 Words   |  5 Pageswork will notice he tends to incorporate everyday problems into his work. Ibsen use of everyday problem gives audience better insight to better relate to his plays, and reflect upon their own situations which would also make his plays believable. Ibsen would make his endings occasionally open-ended. Ibsen would do this, so audience members could think for themselves. It would be up to the crowd’s own interpretation on how the characters would continue life. In The English Review article â€Å"A New WorldRead MoreImportance Of Basic Knowledge Of A Car1590 Words   |  7 Pagesis very relevant in our daily lives. Cars have a very active role in our everyday lives. Using them to get from point A to point B on a daily basis . Yet people seem to take for granted the reality of the situation ,at any given time any car can and will break. Knowledge of a motor is needed in basic life. With transportation on the rise, people seem to lack basic knowledge of what is beyond the dashboard of their own cars. Everyday people trust that when they come back from work or are doneRead MoreGeorge Levingers Definition of Close Relationships and How Its Changed Today792 Words   |  4 Pagesand group behavior, examined interpersonal relationships and what is needed to make one successful. He defined a successful close relationship containing five components; 1) frequent interaction, 2) between spatially near partners, 3) who share significant common goals, 4) exchange personal disclosures, and 5) care deeply about one another. His definition of interpersonal relationships is one part social, one part physical, and three parts psychological. Although I agree with the components of hisRead MoreInfluence Of Mass Media Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesHow big of a role does mass media play on societies everyday lives? Communities often conform to one another and follow in the path of their peers. Media affects this by revealing new trends and showing a better way to perform at certain tasks. From the way consumers shop to the new style or fad going around media affects it all. Mass media especially affects the youth and teen because, their minds are much more vulnerable to what the see on TV, social media, and magazine. Media will even degradeRead MoreNew York Of The Twenties956 Words   |  4 PagesNew York in the twenties â€Å"marked significant changes in lifestyle and culture† (Boundless). The twenties were booming with new technology and ways of life. They were also in prohibition, which led to corruption and organized crime groups like the mafia. New York in the 1920’s is authentically portrayed in the The Great Gatsby as the epicenter of wealth, crime, and good times. First of all, the culture in New York City and Long Island in the 1920’s was roaring with many good and bad opportunitiesRead MoreThe Gilded Age Of The Late Ninetieth And Early Twentieth Century Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages In the late ninetieth and early twentieth century; also known as the Gilded Age, there was a rapid growth in the Unite States’ economy and a large increase in population due to the significant changes made in the industrial industry of the country. The reasoning behind the rapid influx of European citizens migrating to United States was because payment wages in America were dramatically higher than those in Europe and the availability of jobs were also significantly higher as well. All the newRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Impact On Western Society1521 Words   |  7 Pagestravel and transport goods. It can easily be seen that the Industrial Revolution is one of the most significant events in the formation of Western Society. During t he period from 1780 to 1850 (Sherman and Salisbury 517), there were many technological advances made, and this period is known as the Industrial Revolution. The Revolution prompted massive economic growth, urbanization, changes in gender roles, and paved the way for the development of the modern Western society. Although the Scientific RevolutionRead MoreRequired By Working Parents Stay At Home Parents915 Words   |  4 Pagesis one of the problems faced by working parents. The impact of childcare complications for a workplace, education of children, and society as a rule, still cant seem to be all around coordinated into national approaches. For guardians who work for money or might want to work, childcare is a worry that is practically general. One way that specialists have been accepting different sorts of help with childcare is through their working environment. This paper is going to discuss three main topics thatRead MoreKeynesian Theory And The Difference Between Real And No minal Variables1126 Words   |  5 PagesEconomics is not only useful to those who use it to determine future outcomes for the world, but it is also an important part of society’s everyday life. We unknowingly understand concepts derived from economics when we are trying to make choices of what to buy, what to invest in, when to be conservative about spending, and much more. Understanding the Keynesian theory and the difference between real and nominal variables may not directly affect each other, but both play a part in how we relate economics

Sustainable Tourism from Http //Www.Sustainabletourism.Net/Index.Html Free Essays

ISSUE: As more regions and countries develop their tourism industry, it produces significant impacts on natural resources, consumption patterns, pollution and social systems. The need for sustainable/responsible planning and management is imperative for the industry to survive as a whole. FACTS: TOURISM IMPACTS: †¢880 million people travelled internationally in 2010 and this is expected to reach 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable Tourism from Http: //Www.Sustainabletourism.Net/Index.Html or any similar topic only for you Order Now billion by 2010 †¢The average international tourist receipt is over US$700 per person †¢Travel and tourism represents approximately 10% of total global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (if it include tourism related business (eg catering, cleaning) †¢The global travel and tourism industry creates 10% of world employment (direct indirect) †¢At least 25 million people spread over 52 countries are displaced by violence, persecution and/or disasters – tourism receipts in every country are affected by this. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: †¢The average Canadian household used 326 liters of water per day†¦. a village of 700 in a developing country uses an average of 500 litres of water per month AND a luxury hotel room guest uses 1800 litres of water per person per night†¦ †¢The average person in the UK uses approximately 150 litres of water per day – 3 times that of a local village in Asia †¢A species of animal or plant life disappears at a rate of one every three minutes †¢70% of marine mammals are threatened The Western world (with 17% of the worlds’ population) currently consumes 52% of total global energy. †¢1 acre of trees absorbes 2. 6tonnes of CO2 per year †¢58% of the worlds coral reefs are at risk †¢Seawater is expected to rise 70 cm in the next 10 years †¢By 2050 climate change could have directly led to the extinction of 30% of species, the death of 90% of coral reefs and the loss of half the Amazon rainforest. †¢Sin ce 1970 a third of the natural world has been destroyed by human activity †¢Half the world’s population lives in urban areas and this figure is expected to increase. In Latin America and the Caribbean, 76% of the population live in urban areas †¢By 2036, there will be 1200 million cars on earth – double the amount today †¢A European uses 14x more energy than someone living in India †¢For every 1 degree rise in temperature above 34 degrees Celsius, yields of rice, maize and wheat in tropical areas could drop by 10% †¢Although 70% of the earth’s surface is water, only 3% is potable Sources: FOC, 2002, WTO, 2000 2002, UNWTO, 2011, www. risingtide. co. uk, 2004, UN, 2003, Gov’t of Canada, 2005, Tourism Concern, 2011, Science Msusuem, 2006) SOLUTION: Sustainable tourism is about re-focusing and adapting. A balance must be found between limits and usage so that continuous changing, monitoring and planning ensure that tourism can be managed. This requires thinking long-term (10, 20+ years) and realising that change is often cumulative, gradual and irreversible. Economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainable development must include the interests of all stakeholders including indigenous people, local communities, visitors, industry and government. WHAT CAN YOU DO? Address environmental and social concerns through policies, practices and initiatives with others. †¢Are you traveling? Use these guidelines for being a responsible traveler? †¢Are you traveling? Use these guidelines for being a carbon conscious traveler? †¢Are you a business or organization? Use these questions to guide you. †¢Have us help you with policy development, environmental management, business planning and marketing efforts. †¢ Read more or contact us directly. Click here for definitions and information about sustainable tourism. How to cite Sustainable Tourism from Http: //Www.Sustainabletourism.Net/Index.Html, Papers

Business Ethics Advancing Ethics in Public Organizations

Question: Discuss about the Business EthicsforAdvancing Ethics in Public Organizations. Answer: Introduction: The success as well as the eminence of a public sector establishment solely depends upon the ethical Values and the conduct of public functionaries. It is of fundamental significance that they act honestly and ethically. Unlike other organizational set up, the public sector organizations and the public functionaries need to be fair, honest and unbiased in their dealings. As, they are directly working with society and for its development, the self-interest and biased outlook need be subordinated for ensuring the common good in all conditions, especially where the risk of the conflict of interests or other issues may arise as an ethical dilemma. Discussion: As discussed in the provided case study, the public functionaries often face such circumstances, which create dilemma and conflict in their ethical sense and organizational commitment. As opined by Beeri et al. (2013), the idea of ethics in the public sector can be discussed with both the anti corruption and the integrity approach. Here, in the given case the manager is facing a two-way conflict in the ethical approach. He wants to help his friend, as it is his duty as a friend. On the other hand, he has to perform his professional integrity as well as avoid the illegal dealings. Here, in this provided case study, the manager is facing a number of ethical issues those the real life public sector professionals often face. As opined by Svara (2014), an ethical dilemma takes place from the circumstances that require a choice among opposing sets of principles. Here, in the provided case, the ethical concerns that are arising from this conflicting situation can be described as follows: Nepotism: As opined by Taiwo (2015), one of the major ethical issues that the public sector professionals face is nepotism. It is about showing favor to the relatives or the close friends by using the power associated to the designation. Here, if the manager takes his decision in favor of Radax, he will commit nepotism. This will lead to the misuse of the power and the organizational resources. This biased decision will degrade the organizational efficiency and cause harm to the society (Wright et al. 2012). The Conflict of Interests: As stated by Nicolaescu (2013), the ethical dilemma arises when the professionals face the conflict of interests w3hich can be identified as the confusion of making choices between the personal or familial interest and the broad organizational as well as the societal interest. Here, the manager knows that the Radax does not have the best bid and taking the decision if its favor will cause the organization more monitory as efficiency costs. On the other hand, if he turns down his friends request, it will cost him a broken relationship. The Public Accountability: In the public sector organizations, the professionals are accountable to the higher authority as well as the public court. As discussed by Kaptein (2013), public accountability posses as on e of the major ethical dilemmas to the public sector professionals. Here, in the given case, the manager may want to help his friend by making an unethical decision, but it will convict him of breaching him the public trust. White-Collar Crime: As opined by Frederickson and Rohr (2015), the actions of a professional can e described as the white collar crime if he makes an illegal or unethical decision by abusing the trust and power associated to the designation or pursues an action in the same way. Here, in the given case study, if the manager directs his course of action to the profit of his friend, it will break the trust of the government. Now, if the manager decides to favor his friend over the other bidders, it will cost the organization and the society negatively. Such behavior of the manager will cause the organization more cost in installing the systems, as the other bidders has made better bids and their quality is also better than that of Radax. As, it is a public organization, it will actually cause the society bear more cost for lees quality. It will also result in the breach of trust of public by the whole of the organization and thus affect the functionality. Moreover, this unethical decision of the manager will make not only the manager but also the whole organization and the government accused of violation of the civic laws and corruption (Sebola 2014). A number of issues can influence the probable course of action of the manager. As discussed by Lawton et al. (2015), the ethical pattern of action can be influenced by both the individual moral development as well as the cultural values of the organisation where he or she works. In the context of the given case, it is expected that the manager will follow the ethical decision-making process and he will be devoid of making decision in favour of his friend. Now, while discussing about the influencing agent, it can be said that both the individual as well as the organizational values should influence the manger (Gilman 2014). The Organizational Culture: As opined by Menzel (2012), the values of an institute or department influence the employee conduct and decision-making. In the given case, the organization is a public one. They are dedicated to the development and service of the society. If the organization maintains this value from its core and by following the required regulations, the manger will feel his duty and obligation to be fair and take decision in favor of the society. It will also restrict him from corruption. The Individual Moral Development: As opined by Kearns (2014), most often the employees follow their own ethical values while taking decision. In the given case, if the values and the psychological needs of the manager support the ethical guidelines, he will direct his decision in favor of the organization and then the society. If the manger has a strong personal value base, he will surely make ethical decisions whatever the personal consequences he has to face. Conclusion: It is very difficult for a public servant to avoid the ethical dilemmas. As they are instrumental in creating the greater good, it is always needed for them to be ethically correct in their decision. Here, the manager needs to turn down his friends request and take the decision for the societal good. However, in the conclusion, it can be said that by following the strategy of reward and appreciation, the strong legal regulations and whistle blowing, the public organizations can ensure better ethical response from their employees. References: Beeri, I., Dayan, R., Vigoda-Gadot, E. and Werner, S.B., 2013. Advancing ethics in public organizations: The impact of an ethics program on employees perceptions and behaviors in a regional council.Journal of business ethics,112(1), pp.59-78. Frederickson, H.G. and Rohr, J.A., 2015.Ethics and public administration. Routledge. Gilman, S.C., 2014. Codes, Damn Codes, and Laws: Continuing Controversies in Public Administration Ethics.Public Administration Review,74(5), pp.571-572. Kaptein, M. ed., 2013.Workplace Morality: Behavioral Ethics in Organizations. Emerald Group Publishing. Kearns, K.P., 2014. Maintaining Public Trust.Ethics in Public Management, p.265. Lawton, A., van der Wal, Z. and Huberts, L., 2015. THE SCOPE AND SCALE OF ETHICS IN PUBLIC POLICY AND MANAGEMENT.Ethics in Public Policy and Management: A Global Research Companion, p.1. Menzel, D.C., 2012.Ethics management for public administrators: Leading and building organizations of integrity. ME Sharpe. Nicolaescu, E., 2013. Business Ethics, Corporate Governance, and Social Responsibility.Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management,1(1), pp.86-93. Sebola, M.P., 2014. Ethics in the South African public service: A paradox of culture, politics and ethics in the world of work.Journal of Social Sciences,40(3), pp.295-304. Svara, J.H., 2014.The ethics primer for public administrators in government and nonprofit organizations. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Taiwo, S.F., 2015. Effects of Whistle Blowing Practices on Organizational Performance in the Nigerian Public Sector: Empirical Facts from selected Local Government in Lagos Ogun State.Journal of Marketing and Management,6(1), p.41. Wright, B.E., Moynihan, D.P. and Pandey, S.K., 2012. Pulling the levers: Transformational leadership, public service motivation, and mission valence.Public Administration Review,72(2), pp.206-215.

Service Providing Social Media Industry †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Within the context of value co-creation who has more power consumers or producers? Answer: Value co creation refers to the organizational strategy under which the customers or visitors of the company participate in helping the company in achieving organizational objective. Likewise, they help the organization by giving unique ideas which are implemented by the organization with an aim to fulfill the customers desire and to achieve organizational objective. But the ideas given shall be unique then only they will come into existence (Darmody 2009). The two steps to perform co creation in an organization are as follows: Contribution: the process of giving innovative ideas by the general public to the company. Selection: the process of selecting the most appropriate idea to initiate in the organizations performance management. An organization manly follow on of the four types of co creation formats listed below: Tinkering: under this method doing the contribution is the right of the customers whereas selection of adequate notion is the right of the company. Submitting: the company holds the power on both the processes that is contribution and selection. Co-designing: under this method contribution of idea is made through company whereas the customers decide which idea to choose. Collaboration: under this method majority of work is done by public that is both selection and contributions are made through public only (GARCA HARO, MARTNEZ RUIZ, MARTNEZ CAAS 2014). It is illogical to say that the value of creation helps only customers or producers to achieve benefit instead it gives power to both customers and producers to gain benefits from the services provided to them. As it is seen that the media is the fastest growing industry which is nowadays used by all people, the services provided the media industry are, providing news information and current affairs, upcoming trends and fashion, tool for entertainment etc. so it can be clearly seen that this industry is widely used by al for one or other purpose. To increase the profit under any sector they key is to make innovation in its process to gain competitive advantage. This industry works with innovation and also is a cost efficient industry (Grnroos 2011). The following are the benefits through which the power of a producer in co-creation of the company can be easily seen: The use of customer co creation can be easily understood with ample examples such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram etc. for instance if Facebook launches any kind of change on its application then the people using Facebook gets the opportunity to rate the change also provide their comments on the innovation made by the company. Also if the customers do not like the change or kind it inappropriate for then they can easily complaint or report the problem. This gives the customer an ease to use the services provided to them due to which they focus on using it more due to which the share of Facebook increases in the market (Karlseng, Ingholm 2016). As it is known that value co creation helps the company in achieving the goals and objectives defined for them. Also the major work in a media industry is done through technology and innovation, and the needs and wants of customers can be explained by no person better the customers themselves. Therefore there shall always be a way through which customer can customize the services received to them (Martnez-Caas, Ruiz-Palomino, Linuesa-Langreo, Blzquez-Resino 2016). This will retain the customers and create a competitive advantage to the company as well. Therefore, it can be said value co creation gives a power to the producers as it helps the producers in achieving the objective (Kaur Sahi, Sehgal, Sharma 2017). When it comes about power, the producer gets the power with the aid of creation in such a way, that with the guidance of its customers, the company gets to know about the trend prevailing in the market and the type of services which they expect from the company. And if such service are customized and provided to the customers they feel happy due to which the company gains the competitive edge. Thus it reduces competition, like earlier WhatsApp was a simple application for messaging but the emergence of new competitors in the market like Snapchat and Instagram, the companys share started getting decreases due to which they applied co-creation within the organization (KL Communications 2017). after this the company got to know the changes which a customer seek in their services, after implementing those change the company WhatsApp again started ruling the market. Thus it builds loyalty and trust of the customer on the product. Also co creating process makes the customer feel that they are also part of the organization due to which they insist the company to lead toward achievement of their goals through innovating ideas. Some off the benefits which media industry receives through application of value co creation are as follow: It helps the company in gaining the competitive edge by creating the product as per the choice of the customer. Due to which the company is able to create a brand loyalty and leave a long lasting effect on the mind of the customer (Labrec et.al 2013). The media industry will only work if the customer will trust on the news displayed on them and the best advertising tool in the media industry personal selling under a customer of the company advertises the services to another informal through informal ways. Thus this value co-creation helps the industry in getting diversified and flourish. If the obstacles of customers are being explained by themselves, then it becomes easy for the company to understand them redress them. The major activities of the social media industry in done online through internet therefore some people find it difficult to use them. Thus if their problems are directly received by the company addressed and contribution of idea is also made by the customer hence, the company can aim towards growth (Schau, Muiz, Arnould 2009). If the social media industry is aiming for expansion, then if they are using the tinkering tool for co-creating services in their organization then it will include the interest of the customers to contribute innovative ideas to the company and this will also provide power to the company in selection of the ideas provided to them. Thus will make the customers feel a bond towards the company which will make them loyal for their product and services. One of the methods of co-creation in sharing the experience of customers received by the use of their services through this method the industry can easily advertise their products by sharing the experiences on social media. Also this gives a benefit to the customers as it gives them a platform to share their views on the changes done by the company (Piller, Vossen, Ihl 2011). Apart from the powers received to company through co creation, the customers of the social media industry also enjoys certain benefits through. Thus the powers received to a company through customer co creation are as follows: As it was known that the customers are the kings of the market Also earlier the main purpose of any industry is to serve the customer through its products and services. But now with the change in time, both the customer and producer believe in sharing the idea and implementing them for the betterment of both. Thus the value co creation gives power to both customer and producer of the company to take decisions related to the company (The CoCreator 2017). In a social media industry the major benefit of co creation is that people get to see and know about things which they want to know, all the other irrelevant information are discarded. the way through which the social media industry is flourish is through technology and innovation and co creation is a way, an initiative to lead co creation, thus by the advice to customers of the company, the process of co creation is done in media industry. Another power which a customer receives through co creation is that they get to access all kinds of information and reach to satisfaction level through the services of the media industry (Zwass 2010). Thus, the case under which a customer usually enjoys he power in a media industry is as follows: While choosing a brand name of the new product, sharing experiences received t them, redressing the problems, creation of type of product or services, contribution in innovative ideas, advertisement functions etc. Thus, it can be clearly seen that there are many activities in an organization due to which the power of customer is also increased (Zwick, Bonsu, Darmody 2008). Co creation is a tool through which a person gets enough rights to enter in the working of an organization and share their experiences on the website. Also the media industry is a total experimental industry under which a company has to constantly update changes within organization. Therefore, they seek risk at an optimum level. Thus the company shall take a calculative risk, like if the innovation in done for the customer then shall only provide their idea for innovation and of innovation so that they can easily use them. The customer centric approach focuses on the value creation of the company under which the customer plays the key role in deciding the changes which shall be led by the company. thus under this approach the customer contributes the idea to the producer like when where and how the services shall be provided and how it will benefit the whole society on a whole (Rayna, Striukova, Darlington 2015). After analyzing to which the producer shall apply changes in the organ ization process. Thus it can be said that high quality if interaction can lead to great experiences and can help the company in achieving the organizational objective. Also it shall be noted that the power of customers become less in the process of customization, if compared to co creation. As under the method customization it is the will of the company to customize the services according to them or not, also this process is difficult to hold as different customers demand different kinds of customized services which the company can no provide (Prahalad, Ramaswamy 2004). But co-creation refers to the process of participation of consumers in creation of value in the marketplace which means the customers and the producer come together and works for the betterment and share equal powers. Also the process of co-creation brings freshness in the market as it motivates the whole industry to come together and work for the purpose of innovation and achievement of goals and objective. This can also help the organization in understanding the behavior of the consumers where to the consumers this process will help in connecting more with the company and becoming a part of it. Thus it can be said that the customers and producers both enjoy a great degree of power in their hands due t o the activity of co-creation held in their organization (Piller, Vossen, Ihl 2011). Thus along with the monetary benefits they enjoy intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to perform the value co creation activity in the organization and it make the environment more diversified. Apart from there are various risk relation to value co creation which are; risk to decay the brand image maintain- it might be possible for a company to lose the goodwill of the company by implementing one wrong idea provided by the customer, whereas another drawback is that it is not always necessary that the company receive good ideas sometimes they do not receive any qualitative or quantitative benefit from the value co creation (OHern, Rindfleisch 2010). Concluding to the above findings, it is known that there are various factors that drive a producer and a consumer to follow the method of co-creation. In a media industry there are various sectors under which implementation of creation can lead to major changes in the organization leading to performance management. 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